The aperture affects not only the amount of time required to take a
photo, but also the depth of field within it. With a wide aperture (so a low
number, like f/1.8) gives a shallow depth of field - sometimes less than a millimeter with a macro lens. Because a lot of light is reaching the sensor (be
it film or digital), this allows for fast shutter speeds. With a narrow
aperture (so a high number like f/22), the depth of field is much greater,
which is useful for things like landscape photography - it will limit the
amount of light reaching your sensor, so you will get slower shutter speeds,
which makes a tripod handy.
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